Description
Simple
A medication used to treat disorders affecting the large intestines.
Clinical
An antimuscarinic agent used to treat IBS.
Overview
Dicyclomine is a muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor antagonist as well as a non-competitive inhibitor of histamine and bradykinin used to treat spasms of the intestines seen in functional bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome.[3,4,5] Though it is commonly prescribed, its recommendation may have been based on a small amount of evidence and so its prescription is becoming less favourable.[6]
Dicyclomine was granted FDA approval on 11 May 1950.[Read more
Pharmacology
Indication
Dicyclomine is indicated for the treatment of functional bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome.[5]
Pharmacodynamic
Dicyclomine is an anticholinergic drug used to relax the smooth muscles of the intestines.[5] It's duration of action is not especially long... Read more
Mechanism of action
Dicyclomine achieves its action partially through direct antimuscarinic activity of the M1 and M2 receptors, and partially through antagonism of bradykinin and histamine.[ Read more
Absorption
The bioavailability of dicyclomine has not been determined,[ Read more
Protein binding
Data regarding plasma protein binding of dicyclomine is not readily available.[5]
Volume of distribution
The volume of distribution for a 20mg oral dose is 3.65L/kg.[5]
Clearance
Data regarding the clearance of dicyclomine is not readily available.[5]
Half life
The mean plasma elimination half life is approximately 1.8 hours.[ Read more
Route of elimination
Dicyclomine is 79.5% eliminated in the urine and 8.4% in the feces.[ Read more
Toxicity
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dilated pupils, dizziness, dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, CNS stimulation, as well as hot, dry skin.[ Read more
Adverse Effects
Contraindications
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Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take this medication 30 minutes before meals.
Interactions
- 1,10-Phenanthroline
- The therapeutic efficacy of Dicyclomine can be decreased when used in combination with 1,10-Phenanthroline.
- 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine
- The risk or severity of Tachycardia can be increased when Dicyclomine is combined with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine.
- 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine
- 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine
- 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- 4-Methoxyamphetamine
- 4-Methoxyamphetamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
- 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- 7-Nitroindazole
- 7-Nitroindazole may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
- 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- Abacavir
- Dicyclomine may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
- Abediterol
- The risk or severity of Tachycardia can be increased when Dicyclomine is combined with Abediterol.
- Acarbose
- Acarbose may decrease the excretion rate of Dicyclomine which could result in a higher serum level.
- Aceclofenac
- Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Dicyclomine which could result in a higher serum level.
- Acemetacin
- Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Dicyclomine which could result in a higher serum level.
- Acepromazine
- Acepromazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- Aceprometazine
- Aceprometazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- Acetaminophen
- Acetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Dicyclomine which could result in a higher serum level.
- Acetazolamide
- Acetazolamide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- Acetophenazine
- Acetophenazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
- Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dicyclomine.
- Acetylsalicylic acid
- Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Dicyclomine which could result in a higher serum level.
- 1 . Danhof I, Schreiber E, Wiggans D, Leyland H: Metabolic dynamics of dicyclomine hydrochloride in man as influenced by various dose schedules and formulations Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1967 Dec 18;13(1):16-23.PubMed:
- 2 . Walker BJ, Lang JF, Okerholm RA: Quantitative analysis of dicyclomine in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography and nitrogen-selective detection. J Chromatogr. 1987 Apr 24;416(1):150-3. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(87)80496-6.PubMed: 3597632
- 3 . Pavia J, Munoz M, Jimenez E, Martos F, Gonzalez-Correa JA, De la Cruz JP, Garcia V, Sanchez de la Cuesta F: Pharmacological characterization and distribution of muscarinic receptors in human placental syncytiotrophoblast brush-border and basal plasma membranes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Feb 12;320(2-3):209-14.PubMed: 9059856
- 4 . MCGRATH WR, LEWIS RE, KUHN WL: THE DUAL MODE OF THE ANTISPASMODIC EFFECT OF DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1964 Dec;146:354-8.PubMed: 14254329
- 5 . FDA Approved Drug Products: Dicyclomine Oral Capsules, Oral Tablets, and Intramuscular Injections Link
- 6 . Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health: Dicyclomine for Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Guidelines Link